The Role of Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns among Nigerian Patients with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Comparative Metagenomic Analysis

Abstract

This study examined whether existing research data are enough to establish a link between gut microbiome imbalance (dysbiosis) and antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Nigeria. This is an important gap because Nigerian UTI surveillance typically only tests the bacteria found in urine, ignoring the intestinal bacteria that may be feeding recurrent infections — a growing problem given rising drug resistance in the main UTI-causing bacteria (E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae).